The Ownership of Windsor Castle

Windsor Castle, the oldest and largest inhabited castle in the world, is a significant symbol of British monarchy. Officially owned by the Crown, it has been a family home for British kings and queens for nearly a millennium. Today, it serves as both a working royal palace and a public monument, home to around 150 people who maintain and operate its various facilities.

A Royal History

William the Conqueror (r. 1066-1087) was the first monarch to choose the site for Windsor Castle, located high above the Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. By around 1070, he initiated its construction, and just 16 years later, the castle was complete. Its primary purpose was to secure the western approach to London, though its strategic location and proximity to royal forests quickly made it a preferred residence.

Henry I (r. 1100-1135) began expanding Windsor Castle in the 1110s, building domestic quarters within the castle. By the time of Henry II (r. 1154-1189), the outer timber fortifications had been replaced with stone. This transformation was continued by Henry III (r. 1216-1272), who extensively rebuilt many buildings and improved the royal apartments.

Edward III (r. 1327-1377) significantly altered Windsor Castle, transforming what was a military fortification into a gothic palace. He spent 50,000 livres francs in the process, and the gothic style, characterized by pointed arches, has remained the dominant architectural style at Windsor for over 800 years. His vision was to create a single large palace that combined both state apartments for official and ceremonial business and the monarch's private apartments, though the work was not completed until after his death in 1377, continuing into the reign of his successor, Richard II (r. 1377-1399).

The Present and the Future of Windsor Castle

Despite its long history, Windsor Castle remains an active royal palace. Queen Elizabeth II frequently spent her private weekends there and also resided there for a month during Easter Court and for a week each June for Royal Ascot and the Order of the Garter service.

Windsor Castle houses several important structures, most notably St George's Chapel, the spiritual home of the Order of the Garter, the world's oldest order of chivalry, established by Edward III in 1348. The Order, which includes The Queen, The Prince of Wales, and 24 Knight Companions, continues to honor the values of gallantry and devotion to the Crown.

Visiting Windsor Castle

Visitors to Windsor Castle have the opportunity to witness its magnificent architecture, rich history, and ceremonial functions firsthand. The castle offers various tours, exhibits, and services. However, the daily and special admission fees make it a unique experience that requires some budgeting. Prices are subject to change, and booking in advance is advisable.

The castle is an indispensable destination for both British and international visitors, providing a glimpse into the history and traditions of the British monarchy. In addition to guided tours, visitors can explore its gardens, enjoy exhibits, and even experience events like the Royal Ascot horse racing meeting, held each June when the castle hosts the annual ceremony of the Order of the Garter.