Why Do Strong Countries Permit Weak Nations to Exist?

The question of why strong countries permit the existence of others without military might might seem perplexing at first glance. However, this state of affairs is deeply rooted in the complexities of international politics and global order. It is crucial to explore the nuanced reasons behind such an arrangement.

Implications of International Politics

International politics is not a simple game without ethical or strategic considerations. Countries do not simply conquer weaker nations because they can. The landscape of global relations is rife with intricate dynamics that often prevent such actions.

One of the primary reasons is the fear of triggering a chain reaction. If a larger country were to annex a smaller, weak nation, it would risk provoking a strong reaction from other great powers. For example, if Country A were to annex Country B, Nations C and D might see this as a warning signal, signaling their potential for future hostile actions. This could lead to a larger conflict, making such a move unattractive for Country A.

Strategic Uncertainty

The existence of weak countries also plays a significant role in maintaining a balance of power. If Country B, without a military, is firmly aligned with the more powerful Nation C, it becomes a check against Nation D's ambitions. This balance is crucial for maintaining the status quo and preventing any one nation from becoming too dominant.

Imperialism and Legacy

Historically, the legacy of imperialism continues to influence current power relationships. Until the end of World War II, technologically superior nations indeed colonized vast territories across Africa and Asia. Nations like Italy and Germany pursued similar colonial ambitions in their respective areas, often viewing weaker neighbors as easy targets. The collapse of these empires did not end these ambitions, as seen in Russia's recent efforts to reassert a "might makes right" world order.

However, in times of conflict, even small neutral countries can maintain their independence. For instance, in World War I, Germany refrained from attacking neutral Holland because it saw no strategic benefit. Similarly, in World War II, Germany did not invade neutral Switzerland, even though it was much smaller, due to the Swiss military's capabilities and willingness to fight.

Impact of Alliances and Dependence

Another reason why weak nations persist is the presence of strong alliances and dependencies. Countries like Costa Rica, while nominally independent, are often beneficiaries of the patronage of stronger nations. Costa Rica, for instance, is heavily influenced by the United States, which may provide economic or political support. This dependency can prevent more powerful nations from intervening, as they may not want to risk damaging their relationship with the stronger nation.

These alliances and dependencies are not always overt and can be subtle. Nations often choose to ally with stronger powers to maintain their own sovereignty and security. This strategic placement allows for a delicate balance where weak nations can exist without immediate conquest.

Conclusion

The existence of weak nations without their own military forces is a complex phenomenon influenced by a myriad of global dynamics. It is not merely a reflection of the strength and weakness of the nations involved but a carefully balanced system of power and influence. Understanding these dynamics is essential for grasping the intricacies of international relations and the maintenance of global order.