Why Did the Government of India (GOI) Refrain from Further Exploration of the Submerged City Dwarka?

The submerged city of Dwarka, which is considered significant in Hindu mythology and is believed to be the ancient city of Lord Krishna, has faced limited exploration by the Government of India (GOI) since 1983. This cautious stance towards further exploration of Dwarka is a result of several interrelated factors, including cultural heritage, environmental concerns, scientific and technical limitations, political and religious sensitivities, and a legal and regulatory framework.

Preservation of Cultural Heritage

The GOI prioritizes the preservation of cultural heritage and places significant importance on the cultural significance of Dwarka. The city is associated with Lord Krishna, one of the most revered deities in Hindu mythology, and is considered a pilgrimage site. The government may be concerned that further exploration could disrupt or damage the site, thereby diminishing its cultural value.

Environmental Concerns

Marine archaeology can have disruptive effects on marine ecosystems. Extensive exploration activities may lead to ecological damage, such as disturbing marine life and altering the underwater environment. The GOI may therefore prefer to avoid these potential risks, prioritizing the protection of marine life over archaeological research.

Scientific and Technical Limitations

Underwater archaeology requires advanced technology and specialized expertise, making it both complex and expensive. The GOI may not have access to the necessary resources or may prefer to allocate funds to other archaeological projects that offer more feasible and environmentally friendly options.

Political and Religious Sensitivities

Dwarka's religious significance means that any further exploration could lead to political and social tensions. Lord Krishna is a central figure in Hindu mythology, and any excavation that provokes disputes could create controversy. The GOI might prefer to avoid these potential conflicts and maintain peace and harmony within the religious community.

Legal and Regulatory Framework

There are legal constraints and a regulatory framework governing underwater exploration and the protection of archaeological sites in India. These regulations may limit the scope and extent of further research, ensuring that the site remains well-preserved and protected under the law.

According to the GOI, the decision to refrain from further exploration is a balance between the desire to explore the historical significance of Dwarka and the need to protect its cultural, environmental, and legal integrity. As a result, most of the necessary excavations were completed between 1983 to 1992.

Excavation and Research Findings

The marine archaeological team, between 1983 and 1992, has recovered articles and antiquities, which were sent for laboratory research. Techniques such as carbon dating and thermo-luminescence were utilized to determine the age of these artifacts. The research validated the dates and events as mentioned in the ancient texts of Mahabharata. The findings also demonstrated that Dwarka was a bustling port town for less than 60-70 years, from around 1500 B.C., before being submerged in 1443 B.C.

One fascinating artifact is a seal stamped with a three-headed animal, as described in the Mahabharata as the identity of the citizens of Dwaraka to protect them from King Jarasandha of the Magadha Kingdom, now Bihar. Moreover, pottery carbon-dated to 3000 B.C. includes triangular three-holed anchors and iron stakes, precisely as mentioned in the ancient text.

Further Research and Documentation

To explore all the proofs and research findings on Dwarka, one can refer to the following video:

Although the government has not continued further exploration, the research conducted so far provides valuable insights into the ancient city of Dwarka, its historical significance, and the challenges of underwater archaeology.

Keywords: Submerged city Dwarka, Hindu mythology, Marine archaeology