The Origins of Saint Thomas Christians: A Guided Tour Through History

The St Thomas Christians, a unique Christian community in Kerala, India, are a testament to ancient faith and tradition. Tracing their roots back to the 1st century, these Christians maintain a living connection to one of the earliest apostles of Jesus Christ.

1st Century Origins and Apostolic Line

St Thomas Christians claim their origins from the apostle Saint Thomas, one of the twelve disciples. According to their beliefs, Thomas was the first apostle to travel to the Indian subcontinent after the crucifixion of Jesus. He is often credited with establishing the first Christian community in Kerala.

Although often referred to as Doubting Thomas, his name in Hebrew, Didymus, means "twin." This dual naming has led to some speculations that Thomas could have been the brother of Jesus, which further complicates the church's narrative. However, this is seen as a misinterpretation of his name rather than factual evidence.

Locally, they are known as Mar Thoma Nazranis, signifying their origins in Syriac Christian traditions. This term does not imply a direct link to Syria but rather a shared cultural and religious heritage. Their practices and traditions are deeply rooted in ancient Syriac Christianity.

Two Legends and Theories

The exact origin of the St Thomas Christians remains shrouded in mystery, with two predominant legends and theories:

Legend of Jesus' Escape: Some sects believe that Jesus himself and Thomas escaped the cross and fled to India, where they established the first Christian community. This theory points to a possible tomb of Jesus in Kashmir, known as the Rauza Bal. Thomas Alone Theory: Another strong belief is that Thomas alone ventured to India. This theory is reinforced by the traditional narrative that Thomas arrived in Kerala to spread the gospel.

The name 'Thomas' being derived from the Greek and Hebrew meaning 'twin' has added weight to theories suggesting a kinship with Christ. However, this remains a speculative scenario that lacks historical evidence.

Two Worthy Centuries: 8th and 9th

By the 8th century, the St Thomas Christians were well-established in India. Their presence is attributed to two primary sources: Syrian missionaries or Nestorian Christians. The oral tradition of these Christians suggests that the church was indeed founded by the apostle Thomas.

Between the 8th and 9th centuries, the church continued to thrive, blending local and Syriac Christian practices. They maintained many of their ancient traditions and beliefs, which are now a vital part of their identity.

Thomasine Christians: A Look at Another Branch

While St Thomas Christians are well-known, another branch of the Thomasine Christians deserves attention. The Thomasine Christians were those who adhered to the Gospel of Thomas. This gospel, discovered in the 4th century, in Coptic and fragments of Greek papyri from the 3rd century, points to a second-century origin.

These believers, primarily located in Syria and Egypt, practiced a form of Christianity that was distinct from the mainstream. Some scholars argue that these communities were likely individual monastics rather than established congregations. By the 8th century, the Thomasine Christians either died out or were persecuted to extinction.

Conclusion: Legacy and Modernity

Despite being a small minority in Kerala, the St Thomas Christians continue to thrive. They carry on the rich tradition of their ancestors, preserving their unique heritage and beliefs. The narrative of their origins serves as a reminder of the deep and enduring connections between the church and the lands of India.

Further reading and research can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the St Thomas Christians and their place in the broader tapestry of Christian history.