The Oldest Castles of England: Berkhamsted Castle

When it comes to the history of England, castles stand as silent witnesses to the country's rich past. Among these magnificent structures, some have survived through the centuries, holding their ground and continuing to tell the stories of the Norman Conquest, the Tudors, and beyond. This article delves into the oldest castles in England, with a particular focus on Berkhamsted Castle, which is the oldest surviving stone castle in the country, founded in 1067 by Robert of Mortain.

The Tower of London: A Symbol of Power

One of the most famous and oldest castles in England, the Tower of London, was founded by William the Conqueror in 1066. Originally constructed as a demonstration of power following the Norman Conquest, it has served various roles over the centuries, including a royal palace, fortress, and prison. While there are older fortifications in England, particularly some wooden and earthwork structures, the Tower of London stands as the oldest surviving stone castle.

Berkhamsted Castle: An Ancient Gem

However, the oldest castle in England and one of the oldest in the world is Berkhamsted Castle, which was built in 1067 by Robert of Mortain, William the Conqueror's half-brother. This castle was originally constructed as a fortress and a display of Norman power. Over the centuries, it was captured and held by various forces, including Louis VIII in 1216. By the 15th century, it had lost its popularity and gained a reputation for being unfit for royal leaders.

The Intriguing History of Berkhamsted Castle

Berkhamsted Castle is a testament to medieval architecture and military engineering. It is believed that the original structure was a motte and bailey castle, with a wooden earthwork rampart and a stone keep built within the enclosure. Over time, the stone keep was incorporated into the existing castle, and the structure was fortified and modified several times. The castle remained significant until the 15th century, after which it was largely abandoned and fell into disrepair.

The Present-day Status of Berkhamsted Castle

Today, substantial remains of Berkhamsted Castle still survive. The castle has become a popular tourist attraction, offering visitors a glimpse into the past through its well-preserved ruins. Built on a hill, the castle provides a strategic vantage point, making it a formidable stronghold. Its strategic importance continued well after the Norman Conquest, and it played a role in various conflicts and events throughout history.

The Longest Occupied Palace in Europe

While Berkhamsted Castle is the oldest stone castle in England, it is important to note that Windsor Castle, another iconic English castle, is still inhabited to this day. Construction of Windsor Castle began around 1070 CE and has been continuously occupied by successive monarchs for over 850 years. It is thus the longest continuously inhabited palace in Europe.

Windsor Castle, originally built by William the Conqueror, has undergone numerous renovations and reconstructions. It has been the primary residential castle for the British monarchs for centuries, hosting weddings, state dinners, and other important events. Its rich history and continued use make it a symbol of the British monarchy and a significant architectural landmark.

Whether you are drawn to the history of the Tower of London, the ancient Berkhamsted Castle, or the enduring legacy of Windsor Castle, these castles offer a glimpse into the diverse and fascinating history of England. Each one tells a unique story, from the power of the Norman Conquest to the enduring splendor of the British monarchy.

Keywords: oldest castle in england, berkhamsted castle, tower of london