The History of Aurangabad City Prior to Aurangzeb’s Rule

Aurangabad, a city replete with history, finds its roots deep in the annals of ancient India. Long before the arrival of Aurangzeb, this region witnessed several empires and dynasties. Let's delve into the pre-Aurangzeb history of this captivating city that flourished for centuries.

Prehistoric and Ancient Times

Archaeological evidence indicates that the region around present-day Aurangabad has a history that extends as far back as 200 BCE. This area, before the Mauryan empire, was part of the 'Ashmak' or Assaka kingdom. The fall of the Mauryan empire in 200 BCE saw this region come under the rule of the Satvahanas, who governed the territory for approximately 400 years. During this era, the 'Dakshin Path,' which was India's main north-south trade route, passed through several key cities, including Avanti, Paithan, Ter, and Amaravati.

Medieval Period

On this trade route, there was a well-known village called 'Rajat Dag,' situated around 50 kilometers north of Paithan. This village, which is the precursor to today's Aurangabad, served as a resting point for traders until the medieval period. During this time, the village was known as 'Khadaki' and acted as a 'Sarai' or resthouse, providing shelter to travelers and traders. The nearby city of Devagiri, just 15 kilometers away, served as the capital for many rulers, including the Satvahanas and later the Yadavas.

14th Century and Islamic Rule

In the 14th century, the Delhi Sultanate captured the Devagiri fort, bringing this region under Islamic rule. The 16th century saw Aurangabad come under the administration of the Nizams of Ahmednagar. Under the leadership of the capable and intelligent Chief Minister, Malik Ambar, Nizam managed to keep the Mughals at bay for several decades. Recognizing the strategic importance of Khadaki, Malik Ambar decided to establish a larger city in this location.

Malik Ambar’s Contributions

Malik Ambar, with his leadership, oversaw the construction of the new city of Khadaki. He built a palace for the king, a functional water supply system that is still operational today, roads, and bustling markets. The city flourished under his governance. In honor of his son, Fateih Khan, who became Chief Minister after his death, the city was renamed 'Fateih Nagar'.

1636 and the Arrival of Mughals

Finally, in 1636, the Mughals captured the city. As Mughal control strengthened, Shahjahan appointed Aurangazeb as the governor of the Deccan region. In 1653, Aurangazeb, a powerful and influential ruler, named the city 'Aurangabad.' He further fortified the city by adding numerous gates and constructing protective walls around it.

18th Century and Beyond

The 18th century marked a significant change for the city as it transitioned under the rule of the Nizams of Deccan. Initially, Aurangabad was declared as the capital, but due to strategic and administrative needs, the capital was shifted to Hyderabad. Eventually, in 1948, Aurangabad became part of the newly liberated Hyderabad state, which later merged with the Indian state of Maharashtra in 1960. Since then, Aurangabad has held the status of an administrative headquarters for the Marathwada region and continues to be the region's central administrative center to this day.

Conclusion

The history of Aurangabad City is a testament to its rich cultural heritage, strategic importance, and resilient governance. From its roots in ancient trade routes to the rule of notable leaders like Malik Ambar and Aurangazeb, Aurangabad has seen significant developments that shaped its identity. Today, Aurangabad stands as a city that continues to honor its history while embracing modern development.