Submarine Missile Launch: A Deep Dive into Procedures and Techniques
Submarine Missile Launch: A Deep Dive into Procedures and Techniques
Submarines are formidable weapons platforms capable of launching missiles from beneath the ocean’s surface. This article explores the mechanisms and protocols involved in submarine missile launches, detailing the processes used for conventional and ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads.
Missile Launch Methods
Submarines launch missiles through torpedo tubes or vertical launch systems (VLS).
When a submarine is on the surface, the missile does not launch there because it would damage the vessel. Instead, the submarine sits just below the surface, and a missile hatch is opened. The process begins when a powerful gas generator under the missile is activated, forcing it out of the tube. The rising cloud of gas assists in ejecting the missile, which then breaks the surface. Once above water, the missile’s engines ignite, sending it on its mission.
Ballistic Missiles with Nuclear Warheads
When missile submarines are on patrol, they launch missiles in accordance with directions provided through authenticated messages. This is a stringent system designed to be used as a last resort for national defense. While it’s a deeply serious operation, it underscores the importance and gravity of such systems.
Launch Procedures Explained
1. Missile Hatch Opening: The missile hatch is opened to allow the missile to exit the tube. The submarine’s crew is always aware of this activity.
2. Gas-Powered Ejection: A gas generator beneath the missile is activated, propelling the missile from the tube with a powerful burst of gas. The rising gas cloud provides a protective barrier during the missile's ascent.
3. Surface Ignition: Once the missile reaches the surface, its rocket engines ignite, propelling it towards its target. The missile is already self-targeted and navigates with onboard computer systems and guidance from GPS systems.
Specific Launch Techniques
Trident Missile Launch Sequence: The launch procedure of a Trident missile involves several distinctive steps. After the missile is situated in the launch tube, it receives position data from the submarine's navigation system. The missile control center (MCC), via the crew member’s initiative, initiates the sequence by turning specific keys and pressing a joy stick or button.
First, a small rocket motor sits atop the missile. It converts 50 gallons of water into steam, creating propulsion and starting the missile's journey. The missile moves, making contact with the missile tube's heavy-duty seal, leading to its shattering. This allows the missile to exit the tube, accompanied by a steam bubble. When the missile reaches a speed of 1.5 G, its first solid stage ignites. This stage is a safe distance from the submarine’s hull to prevent damage.
Upon reaching the surface, the missile performs three clockwise turns and acquires precise GPS coordinates, navigating to the upper ionosphere. The Commanding Officer (CO) and Executive Officer (XO) receive launch codes via low-frequency communication, a mandatory step for any successful launch. The integrity of the launch system is testified by a test shot from each submarine. The honor of launching a missile, such as on the USS Alaska, is deeply significant and recorded for historical purposes.
Since every launch is considered a critical event, including the occasional lottery where individuals are chosen to press the launch button, the experience is both exciting and terrifying. This narrative offers a critical insight into the mechanisms and processes behind submarine missile launches, highlighting the complexities and responsibilities involved in such operations.
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