Reservation in India: An Analysis and Perspective

Discussions about reservation in India often becomes a contentious topic, with differing viewpoints on whether and how it should be implemented. In this article, we will explore the merits and challenges of reservation in both urban and rural settings, and offer suggestions for a more equitable approach.

Need for Reservation Based on Economic Need and Disability

I believe that reservation in India should primarily be based on annual income and disability. For years, the HRD ministry has taken steps to reduce socio-economic barriers to higher education, like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) fee structure reforms, which consider the income of the family. This approach is beneficial for those from below the poverty line (BPL) and can provide much-needed job opportunities, ultimately assisting in the battle against poverty. It aligns with the idea that education is a powerful tool to uplift society.

Additionally, we must recognize that individuals with disabilities may face unique challenges in achieving their goals. Therefore, to ensure they are not left behind, there should be reservation policies tailored to their needs. These measures will help remove barriers and provide equal opportunities for success. This is important to underscore the message that education should be a pathway to empowerment, as the adage goes: 'Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day; teach him to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime.'

Reserving Opportunities for Women

While encouraging equal opportunities is essential, there is a need to address the disparities in various states where female education might not be adequately promoted. Women, too, should have reservations where necessary to help them achieve better equality in society. However, as we move towards equality, the need for reservations diminishes. The ultimate goal should be to provide quality education to everyone, thus empowering them to reach their full potential.

Removing Caste-Based Reservation

At the same time, I believe that caste-based reservation should be removed permanently. Instead, economic reservation should be strongly implemented to ensure that the poorest citizens have the chance to succeed. The current reservation system often marred with corruption, and the focus should shift to ensuring that those genuinely in need of socio-economic support receive it. This shift could help eliminate discrimination in urban and rural areas and promote a merit-based system, thereby creating better individuals who can uphold the values enshrined in the Constitution of India.

Creating Better Society and Achieving Equality

It is crucial to focus on creating a society that embodies the ideals of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity as articulated in the Constitution of India. Implementing a uniform civil code and ensuring that politicians act with integrity and serve the people wholeheartedly are steps towards a more unified and just society.

Urban vs. Rural Discrimination

Discrimination in urban areas is generally less visible, and in many cities like New Delhi, people's background, income, and capabilities are more highly valued than caste and religion. However, in rural areas, caste-based discrimination remains prevalent due to the influence of ancient texts like the Laws of Manu or Manusmriti. This ancient text classifies people into different castes, such as Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras, with varying levels of privilege. Reservation based on caste and religion is necessary in rural areas to prevent those classified as Shudras from being relegated to inferior, menial roles and to support their socio-economic upliftment.

Disadvantages and Adapting the System

While reservation can provide a temporary boost in socio-economic mobility, it may also lead to societal ridicule later in life, as some people might feel that those who received reservations without effort are now unfairly benefitting. Therefore, my suggestion is two-fold. Firstly, in urban areas, reservation should be based on economic need to ensure that the poorest citizens have opportunities to succeed. Secondly, within the reservation system itself, there should be a tiered approach where the benefits of reservation are more focused on economically weaker individuals within each caste, providing a more nuanced and effective support system.