What Country Has Gained the Most Territory Since Its Independence?

The question of which country has gained the most territory since its independence is often answered by one nation: Russia. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia retained a significant amount of territory previously part of the USSR. However, considering more recent territorial changes and conflicts, South Sudan, which gained independence in 2011, also stands out, despite its limited expansion in territory. These territorial changes can occur through various means, including war, treaties, and annexations.

Territorial Changes and Expanded Frontiers

Technically, Russia has seen some of the largest expansions. Its growth in territory is considerable, although a significant portion is largely uninhabited Siberian territory. On the other hand, the United States is notable for its rapid expansion, achieving a vast extent of land from just a few Eastern states to becoming the third-largest country in the world. This expansion was facilitated by states such as New York, contributing significantly to its economy, making it an essential player in terms of territorial change.

The Case of Russia: The Largest in Terms of Growth

Among major territorial gains post-independence, Russia stands out. The expansion of the Russian Empire, particularly during the era of the Kievan Rus, significantly expanded its borders. However, a vast majority of this territory (about 70%) is Siberian land that is mostly uninhabited. This situation raises the question of the practical utility of such vast territories.

United States: More Habitable Territory

The United States, despite not having as vast a Siberian-like uninhabited territory, also saw significant territorial growth. Through the acquisition of territories like the American Midwest and the American Southwest, the US became one of the largest countries in the world. The economic productivity of these regions, particularly areas like New York, highlights the practical utility of the land gained. It is estimated that the New York state economy alone is as large as Russia's, indicating that historical land gains have had a significant economic impact.

Mongolia: A Historical and Symbolic Giant

Mention must be made of the Mongol Empire, which, at its peak, encompassed widespread territory across Asia. Although the Mongol Empire no longer exists as a single state, its historical scale and influence make it a relevant example of territorial gains in a different era. This vast expanse of land not only represents a significant expansion but also demonstrates the immense power and reach of ancient empires.

Human Civilization: The Ever-Expanding Nation-State

The final contender to consider is the history of human civilization itself. From its earliest origins in Central Africa, humanity has spread across every continent and into space, forming the world's most expansive and diverse nation-state. This continuous expansion through colonization, migration, and cultural exchange makes the human civilization a unique and constantly evolving form of "nation."

Conclusion

While Russia and the United States hold significant records for territorial gains, the historical context and practical utility of these territories vary. The Kievan Rus and the Mongols provide historical examples of vast expansions, and the continuous spread of human civilization makes it a global superpower in terms of geographic reach. Each of these examples offers insight into the complex and evolving nature of territorial growth and the impact that such growth can have on nations and societies.

References

For further research, consider looking into historical texts on the expansion of the Russian Empire, the territorial gains of the United States, the historical significance of the Mongol Empire, and the broader context of human migration and colonization.